A research paper on cocaine Essay

Grown in the countries of sulfur America, with Columbia being the most productive, the genus Erythroxylum coca plant bush is the natural dividing line of cocain, a central nervous stimulant. Its story is as rich and diverse as the population development and dealing the drug. cocain practice session dates as far covering fire as the 16th century when it was employ among Inca royalty. In the early 1800s cocain was introduced to Europe. Sigmond Freud wrote a song in its remark and historied author Robert Louis Stevenson wrote The Strange campaign of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde during a six -day cocain binge. In the early 1900s cocaine was fond to consumers over the counter. Its medicinal value was a relief for toothaches and congestion. Parke Davis advised their consumers of the somebodyal effects of cocaine by stating that it could hold the coward brave, the silent eloquent, and describe the sufferer insensitive to pain.The theatrical role of cocaine found its way into different products akin wine and the most famous of entirely, Coca Cola. Early production of Coca Cola contained 60mg of cocaine. Today, the popular soft toast still uses the leaves of the Coco Bush for hell dust nonwithstanding the illicit drug has been distant (www.cocaine.org).The resurrection of cocaine use as a recreational drug began in the 1960s, and was employ mostly among the affluent because of its price. Movie stars, swash stars and the like give cocaine its mystique and die hard psychological and physical effects machinate it addictive. Changes in remains and price make cocaine far more accessible and affordable. Today, there is no clear tie-up between the use of cocaine and education, line of products or socioeconomic status. cocain is broadly speaking sold as a hydrochloride salt, a fine white powder marrow that is commonly referred to as snow, light speed or blow. Street dealers of cocaine commonly dilute, or cut the drug with similar looking substan ces like talc powder or with active topical anesthetic anesthetics and even some eras with former(a) stimulants like amphetamines. The purity of street cocaine, powder form, is or so 75 percentage. When the impurities of this form be removed, it is know as freebase or crack cocaine. die cocaineis easier to find and less higher(prenominal)-ticket(prenominal) to buy. Cocaine in any form fecal matter be found in almost every town and city. inquiry studies done in 1999 showed cocaine is apply by over 3.7 million Americans 12 geezerhood old and over, with the highest rate among pack 18 and 25 years of age. The use among people 35 years and ripened also continues to rise (www.cocaine.org).The effects of cocaine depend on the r issuee of administration, the gist of consumption, the exploiters past populate, and the sh be under which its taken. The major(ip) routes of administration are snorting, scooting, and smoking. Snorting is inhaling the powder form by and through the nasal cavity. The drug enters the bloodstream through the nasal tissues. Injecting cocaine is using a syringe to release the drug at once into the bloodstream. Smoking cocaine is inhaling the cocaine vapours or smoke delivering large quantities to the lungs where it then enters the bloodstream as quickly as injecting. Cocaine interferes with the re-absorption process of dopamine that is a chemical messenger of pleasure to the brain. The effects are instant and intense hardly not long lasting (www.drugs.indiana.edu).The ill-considered -term effects usually make the substance ab drug user fell euphoric, ener stand byic, and alert to their senses. It can strike your anxiety and heighten your call forthuality. Crack users contribute described the rush as a whole body orgasm. Or, a user can olfactory property anxious or panic-stricken. The drug is a parody of promised land and hell. much times the cocaine user craves other drugs. These symptoms appear quickly and thaw within a a few(prenominal) minutes or a few hours. Physically, a persons blood pressure, body temperature, heartbeat, and breathing accelerate, along with pupil dialation. In larger amounts the side effects intensify. The high might include feelings of paranoia, vertigo, and muscle twitches and physically a user might experience chest pains, nausea, blurred vision. all over time with continued use, the effects of cocaine gradually change. Irritability, restlessness, insomnia and paranoia replace the euphoria. Physically, the long- term user go forth lose interest in sex and lose weight. Those who snort the drug pall out their nasal septum part those who inject it risk the chance of contracting hepatitis or AIDS. Cocaine related deathsare oft a result of cardiac full point or seizures followed by respiratory arrest. Over time, to the users tolerance, the drug result build. To achieve the same effects as that of early usage requires larger doses of the drug. The user becomes psychologically dependent. The drug becomes pivotal to their thoughts, feelings and their effortless activities.Cocaine just made you feel really veracious. Then after you get done feeling really good then you start to get a Superman ego and thats the commencement ceremony of the end. (Drug Wars A Frontline, PBS Production) Often times, cocaine addicts develop an illicit lifestyle to keep up with their drug habit. Cocaines influence breaks a user to stealing from family, friends and even employers. The lifestyle of addicts becomes as corrupt as the musical arrangements that produce and cede the product.Cocaines addiction has devil sides the love of the high and the love of the capital. The US Government has estimated that cocaine trafficking takes nearly $80 zillion a year out of our economy. In 1990, the DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency) estimated about 20 Colombian organizations guaranteeled most of Americas cocaine supply. Annual revenues of the Colombian drug change have been estimated to be 5 billion dollars. The drug promises existing today control every phase of the drug trafficking trade. They manufacture, transport, portion, and pay cocaine. Like umteen large corporations, the business involves bankers, accountants, and lawyers, wholesalers and retailers. More special to this business the cartel payroll also includes chemists, pilots and enforcers of security (www.drugs.indiana.edu).The cartels are structured in layers, at the philia is the cartel manager or swivel pin. Information shared among the members of the cartel is passing secularized. Only a choice few are privy to all the whole shebang of the cartel. Those employees holding positions in the outer layers of the organization (the lawyers, accountants, bankers, and enforcers) reap the financial benefits of serving their bosses but are strictly put on a need to know basis. bargains operational in the fall in States are referred to as cells which are self contained organized u nits.The Medillin Cartel was the first known, successful cartel of cocainetraffickers coming from Colombia. It was established in 1978 and lead by Carlos Lehder. It used violence and deterrence to stay one step onward of the justice system. The cartel bribed police officers with money or threatened them with death if they did not honor the cartel and look the other way when they did business. The Medellin Cartel was taken surmount in March of 1984. Carlos Lehder was arrested in 1987, seek in the United States and sentenced to 135 years without the possibility of parole. George Jungs, the Medillin Cartels American contact, testimony against Lehder assured his conviction. In the 1990s, on the heels of the Medillin, came the Cali Cartel. They are responsible for 70-80 percent of the cocaine coming into the United States and 90 percent of that entering Europe.Instead of violence and intimidation like their counter parts, the Cali operated their business using a subtle approach. Law enforcement has had difficulty in closing the Cali operations for many reasons. Their structure is different from that of the Medillin, as is their methods of smuggling. They are much more conservative. They only lot to people they know. The home office, which is the CEO and frailness presidents, coordinate the cells. The cells contact the buyers usually by cellular phone or pager and arrange the time and place to distribute the drugs. Payment is made at the bet on meeting. When the deal is done, the home office is contacted and correct records are kept by some(prenominal) (www.awesomestories.com).While the Colombians may monopolize the cocaine market, there are similar organizations in other countries. The Triads and Tongs of China, La Compania of Cuba, and the Yakuza of lacquer are some other major drug trafficking organizations. They have successfully invested into current American business. The one thing they all have in common United States of America as a node base ( www.cocainefacts.com).Cocaine touches many people on a variety of levels. It can completely change a persons personality, for the worse. It spins a web of magic and destruction. Physically and mentally the drug tricks you from recognizing reality. euphory tricks you into believing that the high is good, all the while the time bomb is ticking. Blowing up your creative thinker is just a matter of time. deeds CitedBailey, William J. Factline on Cocaine. 1995Heller, Matthew. Addicted to Love. Los Angeles Magazine. Sept. 1999.No power Given.No Author Given.